Version 0.4.0: mask, eine Eingabemaske mit eigener Oberfläche

demo: Eingabemaske entry für screen
Version 0.3.0: testall.cmds mit einem Beispiel pro Befehl
2026-10-11 22:08:38 +02:00 · 2026-10-11 21:54:38 +02:00 · 2026-10-11 21:45:23 +02:00
15 changed files with 1914 additions and 77 deletions
@@ -7,6 +7,27 @@ folgen [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/lang/de/). Die Version steht in

 ## [Unveröffentlicht]

+## [0.4.0] - 2026-10-11
+
+### Hinzugefügt
+- `mask`: Eingabemaske mit eigener Oberfläche (Felder mit Breite, Schaltflächen, Rahmen `-b`, `-s` zeigt das Bild ohne Terminal). Schreibt die Eingabe als Tabelle auf die Standardausgabe. Die Vorlage kommt wie bei `screen` von der Standardeingabe (`mask < entry`). Dazu `man/mask.man`, `demo/maskform` und Tests (auch mit Pseudo-Terminal).
+- `demo/entry`: beschriftete Eingabemaske für `screen` (README erklärt den Unterschied zu `form`).
+
+## [0.3.0] - 2026-10-11
+
+### Hinzugefügt
+- `demo/testall.cmds` enthält zu jedem der 134 Befehle ein ausführbares Beispiel,
+  gegliedert durch Überschriften (`##`-Zeilen werden mit ausgegeben, `#`-Zeilen
+  sind stille Kommentare). Ein Test prüft, dass kein Befehl fehlt.
+
+### Geändert
+- `testall` läuft in einer temporären Kopie von `demo/`; schreibende Beispiele
+  (`append`, `delete`, `close` ...) verändern die Demodaten nicht mehr. Die
+  Befehle lesen von einer leeren Standardeingabe.
+- `sale` nimmt das Datum aus `NEXTDATE` (wie `getjournal`, `close`), sonst von heute.
+- `lock` führt die Sperrdatei pro Pfad statt pro Dateiname, so stören sich
+  gleichnamige Tabellen in verschiedenen Ordnern nicht.
+
 ## [0.2.0] - 2026-10-11

 ### Hinzugefügt
@@ -62,6 +62,46 @@ whatwill total       Befehle, die zu einem Stichwort passen
 commands             Tabelle aller Befehle
 ```

+## Beispiele zu allen Befehlen
+
+`demo/testall.cmds` enthält zu jedem Befehl ein Beispiel mit kurzer Erklärung.
+`testall` führt es in einer Kopie von `demo/` aus und zeigt jede Zeile samt Ausgabe:
+
+```
+testall | less                      alle Beispiele ansehen
+testall > testall.old               Lauf als Vergleich festhalten
+testall | diff testall.old -        später prüfen, was sich geändert hat (mise run testall)
+```
+
+Eine Zeile mit `##` erscheint als Überschrift in der Ausgabe, eine mit `#` ist
+ein stiller Kommentar. Neue Befehle brauchen hier ein Beispiel, sonst schlägt der Test
+`test_testall_mentions_every_command` fehl.
+
+## Vorlagen: `form` und `entry`
+
+- `demo/form` ist eine Vorlage für `report` und `letter`: sie setzt Spaltenwerte in einen Text ein.
+  Sie hat keine Beschriftungen und nennt `Name` zweimal.
+- `demo/entry` ist eine Eingabemaske für `screen`: jedes Feld kommt einmal vor und hat eine
+  Beschriftung. `screen < entry > maske.sh` erzeugt das Skript. Starten:
+  `CLEAR=$(clear.rdb) sh maske.sh > tabelle 2>&1`. Die Tabelle geht auf stderr (wie im Original),
+  daher das `2>&1`. Mit `form` würde die Maske leer und doppelt aussehen.
+
+## Eingabemasken: `mask`
+
+`mask` ist die Variante von `screen` mit eigener Oberfläche (nur Ruby, kein ncurses). Es zeichnet die
+Vorlage (von der Standardeingabe, wie `screen`; ein Dateiname geht auch) selbst und schreibt die Eingabe als Tabelle auf die Standardausgabe, also pipefähig:
+
+```
+mask -b < demo/maskform                  Rahmen (-b), Felder, Schaltflächen
+mask < demo/maskform > neu               Tabelle in eine Datei
+mask < demo/maskform | append -h kunden  oder direkt in eine Tabelle
+mask -s < demo/maskform                  nur das Bild und die Feldpositionen, ohne Terminal
+```
+
+In der Vorlage: `<Spalte>` oder `<Spalte:20>` ist ein Feld (mit Breite), `[ Speichern ]` eine Schaltfläche,
+`[ Abbrechen ]` (oder Cancel, Abort, Quit) bricht ab, `<!date!>` fügt Befehlsausgabe ein. Kommt eine Spalte mehrfach
+vor, ist es ein Feld. Tab/Pfeile wechseln, Enter bestätigt, Esc bricht ab (Status 1, keine Ausgabe).
+
 ## Befehle

 | Gruppe | Befehle |
@@ -76,7 +116,7 @@ commands             Tabelle aller Befehle
 | Text | `cap` `uppercase` `lowercase` `substitute` `trimblank` `padstring` `length` `filesize` `ascii` `chr` `word` `prompt` `not` `path` |
 | Umwandeln | `tabletolist` `listtotable` `listtosh` `tabletofix` `fixtotable` `tabletostruct` `tabletotbl` `tabletofact` `tabletorule` `tabletom4` `tabletosed` `translate` `uniondict` |
 | Datum, Namen | `julian` `gregorian` `computedate` `todaysdate` `soundex` `like` `hashkey` |
-| Berichte | `report` `reportwriter` `screen` `label` `letter` |
+| Berichte | `report` `reportwriter` `screen` `mask` `label` `letter` |
 | Terminal, Hilfe | `termput` `tset` `clear.rdb` `cursor` `menu` `rdb` `commands` `helpme` `whatis` `whatwill` `howmany` `man` |
 | Betrieb | `testall` `testsearch` `timesearch` `rmcore` `cpdir.rdb` |
 | Buchhaltung (/act) | `act` `chartdup` `foot` `adjust` `balance` `close` `consolidate` `getjournal` `fillform` `calculate` `tax` `cashflow` `calcpay` `w2` `bom` `explode` `sale` `invoice` `cstate` `update.inv` |
@@ -138,7 +178,7 @@ lib/rdb/table.rb   Tabellen und Listen lesen und schreiben
 lib/rdb/fast.rb    Schnellzugriff über Byte-Offsets
 lib/rdb/cmd/*.rb   die Befehle, nach Gruppen
 man/               Man-Pages (troff-Quellen aus den MWC-Archiven)
-demo/              Beispieltabellen, testall.cmds und testall.old
+demo/              Beispieltabellen; testall.cmds = je ein Beispiel pro Befehl, testall.old = letzter Lauf
 test/              Tests
 ```

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/home/wkh/Development/Coherent/rdb/bin/rdb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+                  Mail List Entry Form
+
+Name  : <Name>             Company: <Company>
+Street: <Street>
+City  : <City>             State  : <State>       ZIP: <ZIP>
+Phone : <Phone>
+
+[Speichern] [Abbrechen]
+
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+: paint crt screen
+exec 1>/dev/tty
+cat <<SCREEN
+${CLEAR}                  Mail List Entry Form
+
+Name  :                    Company:          
+Street:         
+City  :                    State  :               ZIP:      
+Phone :        
+SCREEN
+: read user input
+cursor  3  9 ; read Name;
+cursor  3 37 ; read Company;
+cursor  4  9 ; read Street;
+cursor  5  9 ; read City;
+cursor  5 37 ; read State;
+cursor  5 56 ; read ZIP;
+cursor  6  9 ; read Phone;
+: output table head
+exec 1>&2
+echo "Name	Company	Street	City	State	ZIP	Phone"
+echo "----	-------	------	----	-----	---	-----"
+: append row
+echo "$Name	$Company	$Street	$City	$State	$ZIP	$Phone"
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Mail List Entry
+
+Name   : <Name:24>
+Company: <Company:24>
+Street : <Street:24>
+City   : <City:16>  State: <State:10>  ZIP: <ZIP:9>
+Phone  : <Phone:16>
+
+   [ Save ]   [ Cancel ]
@@ -1,14 +1,267 @@
-# One command per line; testall runs them in demo/ and prints the output.
-# Save a known-good run:  testall > testall.old ; later: testall | diff testall.old -
+# testall.cmds -- one shell command per line; `testall` runs them in a scratch copy of demo/.
+#   ##  line   is printed as a heading/explanation       #  line   is a silent comment
+# Save a known-good run:  testall > testall.old   later:  testall | diff testall.old -
+# Tables used here: inventory journal expense carexpense parent female male owners
+#   chart ledger parttable cash X83 colors orders ed.t maillist form name
+
+##
+## ===== Selecting and arranging rows and columns =====
+## row (select): keep the rows that match a condition. Column names work like awk variables.
 row 'Cost > 5' < inventory
-column Cost Amount Description < inventory
+rdb select 'Description ~ /gloves/' < inventory
+## column (project): pick columns in any order; a name that does not exist becomes a new empty column
+column Description Cost < inventory
+project Item Notes < owners
+## sorttable: -n numeric, -r reverse, -f fold case
 sorttable -nr Cost < inventory
+## compute: calculate columns from other columns (the new column must exist, so make it with addcol)
+addcol Total < inventory | compute 'Total = Amount * Cost' | column Item Total
 compute 'Value = sprintf("%5.2f", Cost * Amount)' < inventory
-total Amount Value < inventory
-datatype -l < inventory
-subtotal Date Debit Credit < journal
-jointable parent female
+## addcol / rename
+addcol Supplier < owners
+rename Owner Person < owners
+## number / Number: number the rows (number: rows only, Number: rows and the head)
+number < owners
+Number < owners
+## record: print one record (the 3rd row)
+record 3 < inventory
+## rmblank: drop empty rows;  headon / headoff: add or strip the head
+column Item Cost < inventory | rmblank
+headoff < colors
+headoff < colors | headon Hue
+printf 'a\tb\n1\t2\n' | insertdash
+## splittable: cut a table horizontally into pieces of n rows (writes colorsaa, colorsab ...)
+splittable -3 colors ; ls colors* ; cat colorsab
+
+## ===== Combining tables =====
+## jointable: join on the first column; -a keeps unmatched rows, -j names the key columns
+jointable inventory owners
+jointable -a inventory owners
+jointable -j1 Parent -j2 Name parent female
+## union / intersect / difference
 union expense carexpense
+intersect female male
+difference female male
+## paste.rdb: put tables side by side
+paste.rdb female male
+
+## ===== Statistics: one result row per column =====
+total Amount Value < inventory
+mean Cost < inventory
+maximum Cost < inventory
+minimum Cost < inventory
+width < inventory
+precision Cost < inventory
+datatype -l < inventory
+widest < inventory
+subtotal Date Debit Credit < journal
+dbdict < inventory
+schema inventory owners
+tableorlist inventory maillist
+
+## ===== Checking and displaying =====
+check.rdb < inventory
+printf 'a\tb\n-\t-\n1\t2\t3\n4\n' | check.rdb
+display < owners
+see < owners
+validate 'Cost > 40 { print "expensive:", Description }' < badinventory
+column Colors < orders | domain colors
+domain colors black x
+## fd: does Description depend on Item? (prints true/false)
+fd Item Description < inventory
+fd Description Cost < inventory
+
+## ===== Text tools (arguments or standard input) =====
 justify < inventory
-tabletolist < inventory
+justify -r Description < inventory
+justify -c Cost < inventory
+trim < inventory
+compresss < inventory
+pad -4 < owners
+printf 'hello world\n' | cap
+uppercase hello world
+lowercase HELLO WORLD
+printf 'one  two\n' | uppercase
+substitute gloves mittens colors ; cat colors
+trimblank '   padded   '
+padstring 8 abc
+padstring -8 abc
+length 'how long?'
+filesize inventory
+ascii aA1
+ascii ' '
+chr 72 105
+word < ed.t
+cap < ed.t
+blank < maillist
+printf 'a\n' | prompt 'prompt text'
+not false && echo 'false failed, so not succeeded'
+path ls > /dev/null && echo 'ls found on the path'
+## tabletom4 / tabletosed make translation files from ed.t; translate applies them
+tabletom4 < ed.t
+tabletosed < ed.t
+tabletom4 < ed.t > ed ; echo 'I love you.' | translate ed
+## uniondict builds the ed define-file out of ed.low and ed.allcap
+printf 'English\tDeutsch\n-------\t-------\nlove\tliebe\n' > ed.low ; printf 'English\tDeutsch\n-------\t-------\nLOVE\tLIEBE\n' > ed.allcap ; uniondict ed
+
+## ===== Conversions =====
+tabletolist < owners
+tabletolist -l < owners
+tabletolist < owners | listtotable
+listtotable < maillist
+listtosh < maillist
+tabletofix Item=4 Owner=6r < owners
+tabletofix Item=4 Owner=6r < owners | fixtotable Item=1,4 Owner=5,6
+tabletostruct tag owners < owners
+tabletotbl < owners
+tabletofact parent
+tabletorule ruletable
+
+## ===== Dates =====
+## julian: dates to day numbers (arithmetic);  gregorian: back again (-e European, -u US, -c day count)
 julian Date < journal
+julian Date < journal | gregorian Date
+julian Date < journal | gregorian -e Date
+## computedate: a date plus n days
+computedate 890331 45
+computedate 891231 1
+test $(todaysdate | wc -c) -eq 7 && echo 'todaysdate prints YYMMDD'
+
+## ===== Names that sound alike =====
+soundex < name
+## like: names that sound like Mann (needs the soundex table name.x, sorted by Soundex)
+soundex < name > name.x ; like Mann name
+hashkey 11 ABCD
+hashkey 29 abcdefg
+
+## ===== Fast access: index, search, seek =====
+## search without an index scans the table (-ms); keys come from stdin
+echo scales | search inventory Description
+## -h leaves out the head line of the answer
+printf 'Description\n-----------\nscales\n' | search -h inventory Description
+## build indexes in each method: b binary, r record, i inverted, h hash
+index -mr inventory ; ls inventory.r ; echo 3 | search -mr inventory
+index -mi inventory Description ; ls inventory.i ; echo cl | search -mi -x inventory Description
+index -mh inventory Item ; ls inventory.h ; echo 5 | search -mh inventory Item
+## seek: where does the row start and end? (byte offsets)
+echo 5 | seek inventory Item
+echo 5 | seek -mh inventory Item
+## searchtree: is Sally an ancestor of Jane?  (needs a table of Parent, Child)
+searchtree parent Sally Jane Parent Child
+## vindex: look-up tables for ve
+vindex owners Item : Owner ; vindex owners
+tableorlist owners maillist
+
+## ===== Changing tables: append, replace, delete, enter =====
+## append adds a row and updates the indexes
+## -h: the new row has no head line
+printf '8\t1\t1.00\t1.00\tnew thing\n' | append -h -mh inventory Item ; echo 8 | search -mh inventory Item
+## replace overwrites bytes from..to; take the offsets from seek
+set -- $(echo 3 | seek inventory Item) ; printf '3\t6\t8.00\t48.00\tclamps\n' | replace inventory $1 $2 ; echo 3 | search inventory Item
+## delete blanks the row and fixes the index
+echo 4 | delete -mh inventory Item ; echo 4 | search -mh inventory Item ; echo 5 | search -mh inventory Item
+## enter reads rows field by field from the terminal; -1 means one row
+printf '9\n2\n3\n4\nnewer thing\n' | enter -1 inventory > /dev/null
+tail -1 inventory
+## lock / unlock: the second process may not lock the same bytes
+lock inventory 111 10 20 0 0 ; echo "first lock status $?"
+lock inventory 222 15 25 0 0 ; echo "second lock status $?"
+unlock inventory 111 10 20 0 0 ; echo "unlock status $?"
+lock inventory 222 15 25 0 0 ; echo "second lock now status $?" ; unlock inventory 222 15 25 0 0
+## vilock edits a table under a lock; update.rdb edits records interactively
+echo | vilock inventory ; echo "vilock status $?"
+## update.rdb with a key on stdin and no changes (an empty line ends the dialog)
+printf '3\n\n' | update.rdb inventory Item | head -8
+## ve is a line editor in this version
+printf 'q\n' | ve inventory | head -3
+
+## ===== Reports and forms =====
+## report fills a form with the fields of each list record (<Name>)
+cat form
+report form < maillist
+## label prints mailing labels, letter prints form letters
+label < maillist
+letter form < maillist | head -5
+## screen turns a form into a shell script that asks for the fields. Use a form with labels
+## and every column once (entry); the report template `form` would give a blank, doubled screen.
+## Run the script with: CLEAR=$(clear.rdb) sh script > table 2>&1   (the table goes to stderr)
+cat entry
+screen < entry
+## mask draws the form itself (fields, buttons, frame) and writes the row as a table on stdout.
+## It needs a terminal, so here only the picture of the form and its fields (-s) is shown.
+## Try it:  mask -b < maskform                  mask < maskform | append -h t
+cat maskform
+mask -s -b < maskform
+## reportwriter: a sample report with page headings (the date is cut out)
+reportwriter -3 Prices < inventory | grep -v 'Report Date'
+## tabletom4 / tabletosed / tabletostruct were shown above
+
+## ===== Help and the terminal =====
+rdb --version
+howmany
+whatis row
+whatwill total
+helpme
+commands | head -5
+man -g column | head -12
+termput cl | cat -v
+termput cm | cat -v
+tset vt100 | head -3
+cursor 3 8 | cat -v
+clear.rdb | cat -v
+rmcore ; echo "rmcore status $?"
+mkdir t1 ; cp owners t1 ; cpdir.rdb t1 t2 ; ls t2
+menu < /dev/null | head -3
+timesearch > /dev/null ; echo "timesearch status $?"
+testsearch | tail -3
+act
+
+## ===== /act: a small accounting system =====
+## (the commands work on tables in the current directory; NEXTDATE fixes the date they use)
+act
+## cashflow: compute the Balance column of a cash table
+cashflow < cash
+## tax: look up the tax for an income in a tax table
+tax 20000 < X83
+## explode: parts list -> all subparts with counts (part, amount)
+explode 10001 2 parttable
+## chartdup: look for duplicate account numbers and short names in chart
+printf 'Account\tShort\n-------\t-----\n1\ta\n1\tb\n2\ta\n' > chart ; chartdup
+## foot: subtotals of Debit and Credit per account in the ledger
+foot
+## adjust, balance, close: need a trial balance and an adjusting journal
+printf 'Account\tDebit\tCredit\tFormat\tTaxline\tShort\tName\n-------\t-----\t------\t------\t-------\t-----\t----\n1010\t11178\t\tB-A\t4L01\tcash\tCash\n3010\t\t13500\tI-I\t101a\tsales\tSales\n' > trialbalance
+printf 'Account\tDebit\tCredit\tFormat\tTaxline\tName\n-------\t-----\t------\t------\t-------\t----\n1010\t100\t\tB-A\t4L01\tCash\n' > journaladjust
+adjust ; cat adjustedtrial
+balance ; sed 2d balancesheet
+NEXTDATE=870101 close ; cat journalnext
+## fillform: sum the adjusted trial balance per tax line into a tax form
+printf 'Taxline\tDescription\n-------\t-----------\n4L01\tCash on hand\n101a\tGross sales\n' > taxform.f1
+fillform f1 ; cat f1
+## calculate: compute columns of a form; f1.calc has one 'Column = expression' per line
+echo 'Amount = Amount * 2' > f1.calc ; calculate f1 ; cat f1
+## getjournal / consolidate: collect subsidiary journals into the general journal
+printf 'Date\tAmount\tAccount\tRef\tDescription\n----\t------\t-------\t---\t-----------\n870101\t100\t4010\ts1\tshop sale\n' > journalsales
+NEXTDATE=870131 getjournal journalsales
+printf 'Date\tAmount\tAccount\tRef\tDescription\n----\t------\t-------\t---\t-----------\n870102\t40\t5010\tp1\tpaper\n' > journalexpense
+rm journal ; consolidate 870131 ; cat journal
+## payroll: calcpay sorts journalpay into ledgerpay, w2 totals per employee
+printf 'Number\tGross\tFederal\tState\tNet\n------\t-----\t-------\t-----\t---\n2\t1000\t100\t50\t850\n1\t900\t90\t40\t770\n2\t1000\t100\t50\t850\n' > journalpay
+calcpay ; cat ledgerpay
+w2
+
+## ===== /act: sales and stock =====
+printf 'Code\tName\tPrice\n----\t----\t-----\n10010\twidget\t2.50\n10020\tgadget\t10\n' > product
+printf 'Number\tCompany\tLast\n------\t-------\t----\n7\tAcme\tRoe\n' > customer
+## sale: enter a sale order (customer, then code and quantity per item, then y to confirm)
+printf '7\n10010\n4\n10020\n1\n\ny\n\n' | NEXTDATE=870105 sale
+cat salesorder
+## invoice / cstate: print an invoice or customer statement for what was sold
+printf '1\n\n' | invoice
+printf '7\n\n' | cstate
+## bom: parts needed for everything sold (needs the table part with Code, Subpart, Count)
+printf 'Code\tSubpart\tCount\n----\t-------\t-----\n10010\ts1\t3\n10020\ts1\t1\n10020\ts2\t2\n' > part
+bom ; cat bom
+## update.inv: change the stock of one item, with record locking (INV names the table)
+cp inventory inv ; printf '7\n9\n\n' | INV=inv update.inv | tail -n +2
+grep '^7' inv
@@ -165,10 +165,12 @@ Rdb.register('enter', 'Add rows to a table or list file without an editor', 'ent
  end
 end

+require 'digest'
+
 # ---- locks -------------------------------------------------------------------

 def lock_file(name)
-  File.join(Dir.tmpdir, "L#{File.basename(name)}")
+  File.join(Dir.tmpdir, "L#{File.basename(name)}.#{Digest::MD5.hexdigest(File.expand_path(name))[0, 8]}")
 end

 Rdb.register('lock', 'Lock a record or field of a file', 'lock filename processid from to indexfrom indexto') do |args|
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ Rdb.register('sale', 'Enter sale order, and item, update customer', 'sale') do |
    next if items.empty?

    tax = gross * 0.05
-    order = [n.to_s, cust, Date.today.strftime('%y%m%d'), '0', format('%.2f', gross), format('%.2f', tax), format('%.2f', gross + tax)]
+    order = [n.to_s, cust, next_date, '0', format('%.2f', gross), format('%.2f', tax), format('%.2f', gross + tax)]
    puts Rdb::Table.new(%w[Number Cust Date Shipped Gross Tax Total], [order]).to_s
    if ask('Is this correct? (y, n) ').downcase.start_with?('y')
      File.write('salesorder', Rdb::Table.open('salesorder').tap { |t| t.rows << order }.to_s)
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'io/console'
+require 'open3'
+
+# mask -- a full-screen input form.  It reads the same kind of form as `screen`
+# (text with <Column> fields) but draws it itself and writes the row typed in as
+# a table on the standard output, so it works in a pipe:  mask < entry | append t
+#
+# Besides <Column> the form may contain
+#   <Column:20>   a field 20 characters wide (otherwise as wide as the <...>)
+#   [ Save ]      a button; Cancel, Abort, Quit or Abbrechen cancel, any other accepts
+#   <!command!>   replaced by the first line of the command's output
+# Frames are plain text in the form, or drawn around everything with -b.
+module Rdb
+  module Mask
+    Slot = Struct.new(:row, :col, :width, :name)
+    Button = Struct.new(:row, :col, :text, :label)
+    CANCEL = /\A(cancel|abort|quit|abbrechen)\z/i
+    TOKEN = /<!(.*?)!>|<([^<>!:\n]+?)(?::(\d+))?>|\[ *([^\[\]<>\n]*[^\[\]<>\s]) *\]/
+
+    class Form
+      attr_reader :lines, :slots, :buttons
+
+      def self.parse(text, frame: false)
+        lines = []
+        slots = []
+        buttons = []
+        text.each_line(chomp: true).with_index do |line, row|
+          out = +''
+          pos = 0
+          while (m = TOKEN.match(line, pos))
+            out << line[pos...m.begin(0)]
+            if m[1]
+              out << Open3.capture2('sh', '-c', m[1]).first.lines.first.to_s.chomp
+            elsif m[2]
+              width = m[3] ? m[3].to_i : m[0].size
+              slots << Slot.new(row, out.size, width, m[2].strip)
+              out << ' ' * width
+            else
+              buttons << Button.new(row, out.size, m[0], m[4].strip)
+              out << m[0]
+            end
+            pos = m.end(0)
+          end
+          lines << (out << line[pos..].to_s)
+        end
+        new(lines, slots, buttons).then { |f| frame ? f.framed : f }
+      end
+
+      def initialize(lines, slots, buttons)
+        @lines = lines
+        @slots = slots
+        @buttons = buttons
+      end
+
+      def names
+        @slots.map(&:name).uniq
+      end
+
+      # Fields (first slot of each column) and buttons in reading order.
+      def items
+        fields = @slots.uniq(&:name).map { |s| [:field, s] }
+        (fields + @buttons.map { |b| [:button, b] }).sort_by { |_, o| [o.row, o.col] }
+      end
+
+      def framed
+        w = @lines.map(&:size).max.to_i
+        lines = ["┌#{'─' * (w + 2)}┐"] + @lines.map { |l| "│ #{l.ljust(w)} │" } + ["└#{'─' * (w + 2)}┘"]
+        self.class.new(lines,
+                       @slots.map { |s| Slot.new(s.row + 1, s.col + 2, s.width, s.name) },
+                       @buttons.map { |b| Button.new(b.row + 1, b.col + 2, b.text, b.label) })
+      end
+    end
+
+    # The state of one input session: values, which item has the focus, and the keys.
+    class Session
+      attr_reader :values, :focus, :pos
+
+      def initialize(form)
+        @form = form
+        @items = form.items
+        @values = form.names.to_h { |n| [n, +''] }
+        @focus = 0
+        reset_pos
+      end
+
+      def kind = @items[@focus]&.first
+
+      def current = @items[@focus]&.last
+
+      def field? = kind == :field
+
+      # Feed one key; returns :accept or :cancel when the session ends.
+      def feed(key)
+        case key
+        when "\t", "\e[B", "\e[6~" then move(1)
+        when "\e[Z", "\e[A", "\e[5~" then move(-1)
+        when "\r", "\n" then return enter
+        when "\x03", "\e", "\x04" then return :cancel
+        when "\e[C" then @pos = [@pos + 1, text.size].min if field?
+        when "\e[D" then @pos = [@pos - 1, 0].max if field?
+        when "\e[H", "\e[1~", "\eOH", "\x01" then @pos = 0
+        when "\e[F", "\e[4~", "\eOF", "\x05" then @pos = text.size if field?
+        when "\x7f", "\b" then backspace
+        when "\e[3~" then delete
+        when "\x15" then clear_field
+        when ' '
+          return press unless field?
+
+          insert(key)
+        else insert(key) if key.size == 1 && key.ord >= 32
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Plain-text picture of the form (no escapes), for `mask -s` and the tests.
+      def plain
+        grid = @form.lines.map(&:dup)
+        @form.slots.each { |s| grid[s.row][s.col, s.width] = '_' * s.width }
+        grid.join("\n") + "\n"
+      end
+
+      # Escape sequences that paint the whole screen.
+      def render
+        out = +"\e[?25l\e[H\e[2J"
+        @form.lines.each_with_index { |l, r| out << "\e[#{r + 1};1H#{l}" }
+        cursor = nil
+        @form.slots.each do |s|
+          focused = field? && current.name == s.name
+          start = focused ? view_start(s.width) : 0
+          shown = @values[s.name][start, s.width].to_s.ljust(s.width)
+          out << "\e[#{s.row + 1};#{s.col + 1}H\e[#{focused ? 7 : 4}m#{shown}\e[0m"
+          cursor = [s.row + 1, s.col + 1 + @pos - start] if focused && current.equal?(s)
+        end
+        @form.buttons.each do |b|
+          focused = kind == :button && current.equal?(b)
+          out << "\e[#{b.row + 1};#{b.col + 1}H\e[#{focused ? 7 : 1}m#{b.text}\e[0m"
+          cursor = [b.row + 1, b.col + 1] if focused
+        end
+        out << "\e[#{cursor[0]};#{cursor[1]}H" if cursor
+        out << "\e[?25h" if field?
+        out
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def text = field? ? @values[current.name] : +''
+
+      def reset_pos
+        @pos = field? ? text.size : 0
+      end
+
+      def move(delta)
+        @focus = (@focus + delta) % [@items.size, 1].max
+        reset_pos
+      end
+
+      def enter
+        return press unless field?
+
+        last = @focus == @items.size - 1
+        return :accept if last && @form.buttons.empty?
+
+        move(1)
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def press
+        current.label.match?(CANCEL) ? :cancel : :accept
+      end
+
+      def insert(key)
+        return unless field?
+
+        text.insert(@pos, key)
+        @pos += 1
+      end
+
+      def backspace
+        return unless field? && @pos.positive?
+
+        text.slice!(@pos - 1)
+        @pos -= 1
+      end
+
+      def delete
+        text.slice!(@pos) if field?
+      end
+
+      def clear_field
+        return unless field?
+
+        text.clear
+        @pos = 0
+      end
+
+      def view_start(width)
+        [@pos - width + 1, 0].max
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.read_key(io)
+      c = io.getch
+      return c unless c == "\e" && io.wait_readable(0.05)
+
+      seq = +"\e#{io.getch}"
+      if seq == "\e["
+        loop do
+          c = io.getch
+          seq << c
+          break if c.ord.between?(0x40, 0x7e)
+        end
+      elsif seq == "\eO"
+        seq << io.getch
+      end
+      seq
+    end
+
+    # Run the form on a terminal; returns the values, or nil when cancelled.
+    def self.run(form, tty)
+      session = Session.new(form)
+      tty.raw do
+        tty.write "\e[?1049h"
+        begin
+          loop do
+            tty.write session.render
+            key = begin
+              read_key(tty)
+            rescue EOFError
+              "\x03"
+            end
+            result = session.feed(key)
+            return (result == :accept ? session.values : nil) if result
+          end
+        ensure
+          tty.write "\e[?25h\e[?1049l"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+Rdb.register('mask', 'Full-screen input form that writes a table row', 'mask [-b] [-s] [form] < form > table') do |args|
+  frame = !args.delete('-b').nil?
+  show = !args.delete('-s').nil?
+  die 'usage: mask [-b] [-s] [form] < form > table' if args.size > 1
+  file = args.first
+  file.nil? || file == '-' || File.exist?(file) or die("#{file}: no such form")
+  text = file && file != '-' ? File.read(file) : $stdin.read
+  form = Rdb::Mask::Form.parse(text, frame: frame)
+  die "the form has no <field>" if form.names.empty?
+
+  session = Rdb::Mask::Session.new(form)
+  if show
+    print session.plain
+    puts '', 'Fields:'
+    form.slots.each { |s| puts "  #{s.name}\trow #{s.row + 1} col #{s.col + 1} width #{s.width}" }
+    form.buttons.each { |b| puts "  [#{b.label}]\trow #{b.row + 1} col #{b.col + 1}#{b.label.match?(Rdb::Mask::CANCEL) ? ' (cancels)' : ''}" }
+    next
+  end
+
+  tty = begin
+    File.open('/dev/tty', 'r+')
+  rescue SystemCallError
+    die 'no terminal available (mask draws on /dev/tty)'
+  end
+  values = Rdb::Mask.run(form, tty)
+  tty.close
+  if values.nil?
+    warn 'mask: cancelled'
+    exit 1
+  end
+  Rdb::Table.new(form.names, [form.names.map { |n| values[n].tr("\t\r\n", ' ') }]).write
+end
@@ -227,12 +227,24 @@ end
 Rdb.register('testall', 'Test all /rdb programs in directory $RDB/demo', 'testall [ > testall.new ]') do |_args|
  ENV['PATH'] = "#{File.join(Rdb::ROOT, 'bin')}:#{ENV['PATH']}"
  demo = File.join(ENV['RDB'] || Rdb::ROOT, 'demo')
-  Dir.chdir(demo)
  script = File.join(demo, 'testall.cmds')
  File.exist?(script) or die "#{script}: missing"
-  File.readlines(script, chomp: true).reject { |l| l.strip.empty? || l.start_with?('#') }.each do |cmd|
+  # Run in a scratch copy: some commands (append, delete, close ...) change files.
+  Dir.mktmpdir('rdb-testall') do |dir|
+    FileUtils.cp_r(Dir[File.join(demo, '*')], dir)
+    Dir.chdir(dir)
+    File.readlines(script, chomp: true).each do |cmd|
+      next if cmd.strip.empty?
+
+      if cmd.start_with?('##')   # '##' lines are shown, a single '#' is a silent comment
+        puts cmd
+        next
+      end
+      next if cmd.start_with?('#')
+
      puts "$ #{cmd}"
      $stdout.flush
-    puts `#{cmd} 2>&1`
+      puts Open3.capture2e('sh', '-c', cmd, stdin_data: '').first
+    end
  end
 end
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true

 module Rdb
-  VERSION = '0.2.0'
+  VERSION = '0.4.0'
 end
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+.TH mask "" "" "/rdb Command"
+.PC "Full-screen input form that writes a table row"
+\fBmask \fB[ -b ] [ -s ] [ \fIform\fB ] < \fIform \fB> \fItable\fR
+.PP
+.II "mask^input form"
+.II "form^full-screen input"
+.I "(Ruby re-creation only; the original /rdb has no such command.)"
+.PP
+The command
+.B mask
+draws
+.I form
+on the terminal, lets the user fill in its fields, and writes the result as
+a one-row table on the standard output.
+Unlike
+.BR screen ,
+it does not write a shell script: it runs the form itself.
+The screen is drawn on
+.BR /dev/tty ,
+so the table can be redirected or piped:
+.DM
+mask < maskform > newrow
+mask < maskform | append -h customer
+.DE
+.PP
+.I form
+is ordinary text.
+Everything is shown as it stands, except:
+.IP "\fB<Column>\fR" 1.2i
+An input field for column
+.IR Column .
+It is as wide as the text between the angle brackets, including the brackets.
+Blanks around the name are ignored, so \fB< City >\fR is column \fBCity\fR.
+.IP "\fB<Column:20>\fR"
+The same, but 20 characters wide.
+Longer input scrolls inside the field.
+.IP "\fB[ Save ]\fR"
+A button.
+A button whose label is
+.BR Cancel ,
+.BR Abort ,
+.B Quit
+or
+.B Abbrechen
+cancels; any other button accepts.
+.IP "\fB<!command!>\fR"
+Replaced by the first line the shell
+.I command
+writes.
+.PP
+If a column occurs more than once in the form, it is one field,
+and every place shows what was typed.
+The table has one column per field, in the order of first appearance.
+Frames are made of characters in the form, for example \fB+---+\fR or
+box-drawing characters.
+.SH Keys
+.nf
+Tab, Down, Enter     next field or button
+Shift-Tab, Up        previous field or button
+Left, Right, Home, End   move inside a field
+Backspace, Delete    erase; Ctrl-U clears the field
+Enter, Space         on a button: press it
+Enter                on the last field of a form without buttons: accept
+Esc, Ctrl-C          cancel
+.fi
+.PP
+When the user cancels,
+.B mask
+writes nothing and exits with status 1.
+.SH Options
+.IP \fB-b\fR 0.5i
+Draw a frame around the whole form.
+.IP \fB-s\fR
+Show the form as a plain picture (fields as underscores) with the position of
+each field and button, and exit.
+This needs no terminal and is useful to check a form.
+.PP
+Like
+.BR screen ,
+.B mask
+reads the form from the standard input.
+A file name argument is also accepted, and
+.B -
+means the standard input.
+.SH Example
+Form
+.BR maskform :
+.DM
+Mail List Entry
+
+Name   : <Name:24>
+City   : <City:16>  State: <State:10>
+ 
+   [ Save ]   [ Cancel ]
+.DE
+.PP
+.DM
+mask -b < maskform > newrow
+.DE
+.PP
+After typing ``Ann'' and ``Rome'', pressing Tab to the buttons and Enter on
+.BR Save ,
+.B newrow
+contains:
+.DM
+Name   City    State
+----   ----    -----
+Ann    Rome
+.DE
+.SH "See Also"
+.B
+cursor,
+report,
+screen
+.R
+.SO rdb
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true

 require_relative 'test_helper'
+require 'pty'
+require_relative '../lib/rdb'

 class SelectionTest < RdbCase
  def test_row_numeric_condition
@@ -445,6 +447,13 @@ class HelpTest < RdbCase
    assert_equal "\e[3;8H", rdb('cursor', '3', '8')
  end

+  def test_testall_mentions_every_command
+    script = File.read(File.join(DEMO, 'testall.cmds'))
+    names = data(rdb('commands')).map(&:first)
+    missing = names.reject { |n| script.match?(/(^|[\s|;(])#{Regexp.escape(n)}(\s|$)/) }
+    assert_empty missing, "testall.cmds lacks an example for: #{missing.join(' ')}"
+  end
+
  def test_testall_runs_demo_script
    out = rdb('testall')
    assert_includes out, '$ row'
@@ -516,3 +525,96 @@ class ActTest < RdbCase
    assert_equal [%w[b]], data(out)
  end
 end
+
+class MaskTest < RdbCase
+  def form(text, frame: false) = Rdb::Mask::Form.parse(text, frame: frame)
+
+  def type(session, *keys)
+    keys.each { |k| k.start_with?("\e") || k.size == 1 ? session.feed(k) : k.each_char { |c| session.feed(c) } }
+  end
+
+  def test_parse_fields_buttons_and_width
+    f = form("Name: <Name:10> <  City >\n[ Save ] [Cancel]\n")
+    assert_equal %w[Name City], f.names
+    assert_equal [0, 6, 10], f.slots[0].to_a.first(3)
+    assert_equal 9, f.slots[1].width # the width of "<  City >"
+    assert_equal %w[Save Cancel], f.buttons.map(&:label)
+    assert_equal ["Name: #{' ' * 10} #{' ' * 9}", '[ Save ] [Cancel]'], f.lines
+  end
+
+  def test_command_in_form_and_frame
+    f = form("<!echo hi!> <A>\n", frame: true)
+    assert_equal '│ hi     │', f.lines[1]
+    assert_equal [1, 5], f.slots.first.to_a.first(2)
+  end
+
+  def test_typing_and_navigation
+    s = Rdb::Mask::Session.new(form("<A:5> <B:5> [ OK ] [ Cancel ]\n"))
+    type(s, 'one', "\t", 'two', "\x7f", "\r")
+    assert_equal({ 'A' => 'one', 'B' => 'tw' }, s.values)
+    assert_equal :button, s.kind
+    assert_equal :accept, s.feed("\r")
+  end
+
+  def test_cancel_by_button_and_escape
+    s = Rdb::Mask::Session.new(form("<A:5> [ Save ] [ Abbrechen ]\n"))
+    s.feed("\e[Z")
+    assert_equal :cancel, s.feed(' ')
+    assert_equal :cancel, Rdb::Mask::Session.new(form("<A>\n")).feed("\e")
+  end
+
+  def test_enter_on_last_field_accepts_without_buttons
+    s = Rdb::Mask::Session.new(form("<A:3> <B:3>\n"))
+    assert_nil s.feed("\r")
+    assert_equal :accept, s.feed("\r")
+  end
+
+  def test_same_column_twice_is_one_field
+    s = Rdb::Mask::Session.new(form("<A:3> <A:3>\n"))
+    type(s, 'xy')
+    assert_equal({ 'A' => 'xy' }, s.values)
+    assert_equal %w[A], form("<A:3> <A:3>\n").names
+  end
+
+  def test_show_prints_picture_without_terminal
+    write('f', "Name: <Name:6>\n[ Save ] [ Cancel ]\n")
+    out = rdb('mask', '-s', file: 'f')
+    assert_includes out, "Name: ______\n[ Save ] [ Cancel ]"
+    assert_includes out, "  Name\trow 1 col 7 width 6"
+    assert_includes out, "  [Cancel]\trow 2 col 10 (cancels)"
+    assert_equal out, rdb('mask', '-s', 'f') # a file name works too
+  end
+
+  # Drive mask on a pseudo terminal; its table goes to a file, like in a pipe.
+  def run_on_pty(*keys)
+    out = File.join(@dir, 'mask.out')
+    result = nil
+    PTY.spawn({ 'PATH' => "#{BIN}:#{ENV['PATH']}" }, 'sh', '-c', "cd #{@dir} && mask < f > mask.out") do |r, w, pid|
+      sleep 0.5
+      keys.each do |k|
+        w.write k
+        sleep 0.1
+        r.read_nonblock(65_536) rescue nil
+      end
+      sleep 0.3
+      r.read_nonblock(65_536) rescue nil
+      _, st = Process.wait2(pid)
+      result = [File.exist?(out) ? File.read(out) : '', st.exitstatus]
+    end
+    result
+  end
+
+  def test_mask_on_a_terminal_writes_a_table
+    write('f', "Name: <Name:10>\nCity: <City:10>\n[ Save ] [ Cancel ]\n")
+    table, status = run_on_pty("Ann\r", "Rome\r", "\r")
+    assert_equal 0, status
+    assert_equal "Name\tCity\n----\t----\nAnn\tRome\n", table
+  end
+
+  def test_mask_cancel_writes_nothing
+    write('f', "Name: <Name:10>\n[ Save ] [ Cancel ]\n")
+    table, status = run_on_pty("Ann", "\e[Z", "\r")
+    assert_equal 1, status
+    assert_equal '', table
+  end
+end
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
wkh	e7a7577900	Version 0.4.0: mask, eine Eingabemaske mit eigener Oberfläche	2026-10-11 22:08:38 +02:00
wkh	837a73366d	demo: Eingabemaske entry für screen	2026-10-11 21:54:38 +02:00
wkh	32c1f2be28	Version 0.3.0: testall.cmds mit einem Beispiel pro Befehl	2026-10-11 21:45:23 +02:00